作者：秦小建
作者介绍：中南财经政法大学副教授,法学博士
出版日期：2016年6月9日
内容提要 现行政府信息公开制度赖以建构的“知情权——政府信息公开义务” 逻 辑,先验地接受了“知情权是人权”与“政府信息公开义务是知情权实现的手段”的预设,混 淆了作为主权者的“人民”与作为政府治理相对方的“公民” ,因而也混淆了有关宪法体制 组织和运行的“人民——人大——政府”之主权逻辑与“政府——公民”之治理逻辑,将政 府信息公开制度从宪法体制中割裂开去。 其后果是,既将依附于人大体制的宪法监督消解 于无形,也由于与作为正当性来源的主权逻辑的断裂而陷入合法性危机。 并且,它曲解了 公众参与在宪法逻辑中的应有定位,使其脱离乃至僭越了政府治理的正常逻辑,不仅浪费 了大量行政资源,还冲淡了基于直接利害关联的公民信息公开诉求。 有鉴于此,政府信息 公开应当回归宪法主权逻辑与治理逻辑的二元结构,对应进行制度化构造。
关键词 知情权 政府信息公开 主权逻辑 治理逻辑
Abstract: The logic of “ right to know, namely the obligation of government information disclosure” , on which the government information publicity system of current government is constructed, transcendentally accepts the presupposition that “ right to know is one kind of human rights” and “the obligation of government information disclosure is a means to realize the right to know” , thus confuse the sovereignty logic of “the People, the Congress of People and the Government” as well as the governance logic of “ the Government and the Citizen” related to the organization and operation of governance, separating the government information disclosure system from the constitutional system. As a consequence, the constitutional supervision attached to the system of National People’ s Congress exists in name only, and even comes to a legitimate crisis due to the disintegration with the sovereignty logic as the legitimate source. What’ s more, it misinterprets the due position of the public participation in the constitutional logic. As a result, it breaks away from or even arrogates the normal logic of government management, not only wasting amounts of administrative resources, but also weakening the appeal for information disclosure of the citizen who has the direct interest with it. In view of this, the government information disclosure shall return to the dual structure of the constitutional sovereignty logic and governance logic, and the corresponding institution shall be restructured.