作者：胡建淼
作者介绍：国家行政学院教授,博士生导师
出版日期：2016年6月9日
内容提要 法与法之间的“抵触”是法律冲突的一种表现。 然而,法律规范之间的抵 触标准至今还未有定论。 《立法法》将纵向法律冲突称作“抵触” ,把横向法律冲突称作“不 一致” ,难道纵向法规之间就不会发生“不一致” 、横向法规之间就不会发生“抵触” ? 但如 果承认“抵触”就是严重的“不一致” ,那么《立法法》的“抵触”立论又会倾刻倒塌。 这一矛 盾一直困扰着我们。 本文围绕法律规范之间的抵触标准,从立法、司法和学理等方面系统 梳理了“抵触”的各种涵义,探讨了“抵触”与“不一致” 、“抵触”与“法律冲突”之间的逻辑 关系,最终以“纵横说” 、“效力说”和“程度说”为基础,通过对《立法法》中“不一致”的广义 理解,首次提出“抵触是纵向法规之间的不一致,并且是导致无效的不一致”观点,试图化 解目前立法、司法与学理之间的不协调。
关键词 法律规范冲突 法律规范抵触 法律规范不一致
Abstract: “Contraventions” between and among different laws are presented as one form of legal conflicts. However, there is no general doctrine for such standards yet. Legislation Law defines conflicts within a certain field of laws at different levels as “ contravention” , while conflicts between and among various laws as “inconsistence” , without considering the “inconsistence” in the former situation, as well as the “ contravention” in the later context. Nevertheless, the “ contravention ” doctrine shall be disintegrated given that the “ contravention ” is just regarded as serious “ inconsistence ”. Therefore, the above contradiction is always troublesome. Concentrating on the contravention standards between and among legal norms, the article systematically clarifies various implications of “contravention” from perspectives of legislation, judicature and academy, discusses logical relations between “ contravention” and “ inconsistence” and between “ contravention” and “ legal conflict” , and eventually, on the basis of “vertical and horizontal doctrine” , “efficacy doctrine” and “ degree doctrine ” , puts forward the idea that “ contravention is the inconsistence in a certain field of laws at different levels and that inconsistence leads to the nullity” so as to dissolve the incoordination between and among legislation, judicature and academy through general understanding of the “inconsistence ” in the Legislation Law.