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担保物权司法解释起草中的重大争议问题
时间:2026-04-28
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作者:高圣平

 

作者介绍:中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心专职研究员,中国人民大学法学院教授,博士生导师

 

出版日期:2016年2月9日

 

内容提要 公司法定代表人违反《公司法》第 16 条的规定,越权为他人债务提供担保 的,非经公司追认,担保合同对公司不生效力,传统法关于越权代表的相关规则并不适用于 法定代表人越权为他人债务提供担保的情形。金融担保创新中属于人的担保的,应基于契 约自由的原则,肯定创新模式的效力; 属于物的担保的,在物权法定主义之下,不应承认其 产生担保物权的效力,但应肯定相关合同具有债法上的效力。人的担保与物的担保并存 时,应当承认保证人与物上保证人之间的求偿权。

关键词 越权代表 公司担保 金融担保创新 独立保证 混合共同担保

 

Abstract: When a Company's legal representative,in violation of Article 16 of Company Law 2005,provides security for others without the authority by the company,the security contract shall be null for the company if the company don’t subsequently confirm it. The traditional rules about ultra vires do not apply to the security contract signed by the legal representative without the authority by the company. When financial collateral innovation involves personal security,the innovation mode should be certainly effective based on the principle of contract freedom; when financial collateral innovation belongs to proprietary security,under the legal doctrine of numerus clausus,the innovation mode should not be admitted to produce the effectiveness of the proprietary security rights,but should definitely have the contract effectiveness. When the personal security and proprietary security co-exist, one security provider shall have the right to recourse to another security provider.


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