作者：劳佳琦
作者介绍：北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院讲师，法学博士
出版日期：2016年2月9日
内容提要 通说认为，累犯情节反映出累犯较大的人身危险性，所以应该对其从重处 罚。我国《刑法》明确规定了累犯应当从重处罚，但对累犯应当怎样从重处罚却语焉不详。 直到近年，最高人民法院《量刑指导意见》的出台才为量刑阶段如何实现累犯从严提供了 更为细化的指导。本研究以我国 10 万个刑事判决书为研究样本，综合运用多种实证研究 方法，先后考察了累犯情节整体以及累犯情节各个构成维度对量刑结果的实然影响，结果 发现: 累犯情节作为一个整体确实对量刑结果存在显著的从严调整作用，然而就累犯情节 各个构成维度而言，除了累犯后罪的性质与轻重和累犯从严幅度呈显著正相关以外，累犯 前罪的轻重与性质、累犯前后罪的关系、累犯前罪刑罚执行完毕或赦免以后至再犯罪时间 的长短对于量刑结果均不产生显著影响。经验层面的累犯情节量刑适用呈现出“轻轻重 重”的适用规律。尽管法官关于累犯从严量刑适用的集体实践具有一定的合理性，司法实 践中人身危险性评估的感性判断模式却亟待改进，引入精算式的评估工具不失为一种有益 尝试。
关键词 累犯从严 量刑 人身危险性
Abstract: The common theory believes that we have to punish the repeated offenders more harshly for they are more dangerous than the non － repeated offenders． Although the Criminal Law in China declares clearly that the repeated offenders need to be punished more severely，it never tells us how． Until Ｒecently，People’s Court Sentencing Guidance promulgated by the Supreme Court has offered a more specific guidance on the Ｒecidivist Premium． Based on one hundred thousand criminal judgments all over China，this study uses multiple research methods to examine the Ｒecidivist Premium in the sentencing process in China． This study finds that only the seriousness of the current offense is positively correlated with the Sentencing Ｒecidivist Premium，though the judges do punish the repeated offenders more harshly． It suggests that the judges in China predict the future dangerousness of repeated offenders mainly based on the seriousness of the current offense，which also ultimately determines the extent of the Sentencing Ｒecidivist Premium． The Matthew Effect does exist in the Sentencing Ｒecidivist Premium in China． The practice of judges have certain rationality does not mean the clinical judgment on future dangerousness is acceptable． It is time for China to adopt actuarial assessment tool to identify dangerous offenders．