作者：翟 翌
作者介绍：重庆大学法学院特聘研究员，博士生导师，法学博士
出版日期：2016年2月9日
内容提要 从与现代行政特许有渊源的中世纪封建特许、近代特许公司、公务特许、公 产使用特许、民商事特许、规制经济学特许中，可以提炼出“相似性”的特许共有本质。在 此基础上经由法律关系框架界定行政特许。与普通许可相比，行政特许之“特”在于: 被特 许人所为的是相似于行政主体的活动，享有的与行政主体“相似的权利”是“本不属于被特 许人”且“源于行政主体”的权利，被特许人往往还须负担类似于政府的义务。本界定的应 用价值在于: 既往行政特许定义实际上大多只是个别“特征”，基于“相似性”本质的界定可 对它们进行完满统合; “相似性”意味着行政特许内容可随行政主体权利义务变化而发展， 是开放性的界定; 行政主体虽不直接参与但承担间接潜在义务，这种“若即若离”的关系不 仅解决了规制经济学揭示的问题，也克服了其他完成行政任务方式的各种缺陷。
关键词 行政特许 相似性 规制经济学 行政任务委外方式
Abstract: Taking the historical and comparative ways，extracts the common nature “similarity”of franchises from modern administrative franchise ，medieval feudal franchise， modern chartered company，public affair franchise，the use of public property franchise，civil and commercial franchise，and regulation economics franchise． On this base and through the law relationship framework，defines administrative franchise． Compared with license，the administrative franchise is special in the franchisees’activities similar to the administrative subject，and have the similar rights which originally do not belong to them but originate from administrative subjects，the franchisees have to undertake the similar obligations as the government may have while they obtain the rights． The value of this definition is: Most definitions in the past are only for individual feature，but the concept of similarity could completely integrate the system and theories; Similarity is an open defining method which means the contents can be developed with the changes of rights and obligations of administrative subjects; Government does not involved directly but still undertakes the potential obligations，such lukewarm relationship not only solves the problems of regulation economics disclosure，but also overcomes the defects of other ways to complete administrative tasks．