作者：王明远
作者介绍：清华大学法学院教授，博士生导师
出版日期：2016年2月9日
内容提要 由于环境公共利益的特殊属性，环境民事公益诉讼面临着科技性、民主性 和道德风险等诸多潜在挑战。为了应对这些挑战，我国环境民事公益诉讼制度突出强化了 司法权，并要求行政权与司法权配合，这容易使司法权突破其职权范围，从而损害行政权和 司法权之间的合理分工与权力平衡。从行政法治发展的一般经验来看，在“夜警国家模 式”到“福利国家模式”再到“风险社会模式”的过程中，行政权不断扩张以实现对公共利益 的充分保护，而司法权则关注对行政权的有效控制，确保其不偏离维护公共利益的轨道，即 大体上遵循“相互尊重专长”和“行政权优先”等原则。现代环境公共事务十分复杂，需要 以环境行政为主要应对手段，环境公共利益的保护须充分发挥行政权的专业性和司法权的 监督作用，同时避免司法权对行政权造成不当干涉。在我国的司法实践中，需要进一步完 善环境行政执法，并将环境行政公益诉讼作为环境公益诉讼制度的主要发展方向。
关键词 环境公益诉讼 环境行政公益诉讼 环境司法 “风险社会”模式
Abstract: Due to the special attributes of environmental justice，environmental public interest litigation is faced with the challenges from scientific，democratic and moral risks． To cope with these challenges，China’s public interest civil litigation system has reinforced the dominant position of judicial power and has required the administrative power to cooperate with the judicial power． However，this mechanism tends to make judicial power work beyond its authority，endangering the reasonable division of labor and the balance of power between administrative power and judicial power． Western administrative law development has gone through three stages，from the night watchman state mode to the welfare state mode and the risk society mode，consistently expanding executive power in order to provide full protection of the public interest，on the other hand，the judicial power is responsible for controlling administrative power，preventing the deviation of administrative power to harm public interest． In other words，they generally follow the principles of respect the expertise of administrative agencies and administrative power takes priority． Modern complex public environmental affairs require environmental administration as the main regulation method． Therefore，the protection of environmental public affairs should utilize both the professional expertise of administrative power and the supervisory role of judicial power，but at the same time avoid the improper interference of judicial power on administrative power． In practice， China needs to further improve its administrative enforcement system of environmental laws and to develop administrative public interest litigation as the key system for the future advancement of the environmental public interest litigation．