作者：张明楷
作者介绍：清华大学法学院教授，博士生导师
出版日期：2015年6月9日
内容提要 司法解释关于“明知是捏造的损害他人名誉的事实，在信息网络上散布，情 节恶劣的，以‘捏造事实诽谤他人’论”的规定，属于平义解释而非类推解释。作为诽谤罪 对象的“他人”并不排斥公众人物，但根据我国宪法的规定，刑法必须适当降低对公众人物 名誉的保护规格。司法解释关于网络诽谤“情节严重”规定的缺陷，不在于客观归罪与扩 大处罚范围，而在于不当缩小了网络诽谤的处罚范围。“告诉的才处理”并不意味着必须 由被害人自诉，而是指不得违反被害人的意愿进入刑事诉讼程序。
关键词 网络诽谤 捏造事实诽谤 他人 情节严重 告诉的才处理
Abstract: According to the Judicial Interpretation on Several Issues concerning the Defamation through Information Networks，whoever knowingly spreads the facts fabricated to damage another person’s reputation on an information network shall，if the circumstances are execrable，be deemed as having “fabricated facts to defame another person ”． This interpretation is a literal interpretation instead of an analogical interpretation． “Another person”that is defamed in the above provision does not exclude public figures，however， according to the Constitution Law of China，the Criminal Law shall have to duly lower the protection level of public figures ’ reputation． There are imperfections regarding the interpretation regarding what circumstances shall be deemed as“serious circumstance”，but those imperfections lie not in the objective incrimination or over extension of punishment scope as disputed，but in the unduly restricting the punishment scope of defamation through information networks． “Cases of private prosecution”does not mean such case can only be prosecuted by the victim; instead，it only means such case cannot be brought into criminal procedure violating the victim’s willingness．