作者：李忠夏
作者介绍：山东大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2015年8月9日
内容提要 农村土地流转问题在今天中国的理论与实践中饱受争议。有学者主张放开农 村土地的自由流转，改变国家垄断土地一级市场的现状，使农民从土地增值中获益，进而彻底废 除集体所有制，实现土地私有; 有学者则认为需要认清农村的现实和农民的需要，正视“土地财 政”的积极作用，主张“土地发展权”国有。所有这些主张都未从宪法角度对现行《土地管理法》 所设立的相关制度进行分析，也并未从宪法角度分析农村土地制度中集体与个体的权利属性与 权利边界，因此有必要对宪法第10 条所确立的农村土地制度以及“集体所有制”进行规范上的 分析，结合土地制度的历史演进、现状与宪法的变迁，对“集体所有制”中国家、集体、个体之间的 相互关系进行重新界定，并对《土地管理法》所确立的农村土地流转制度进行合宪性分析。
关键词 土地流转 集体所有制 《土地管理法》 土地发展权 土地财政
Abstract: The issue of rural land circulation is highly discussed in present Chinese theory and practice． Some scholars have proposed to open free circulation of rural land to change the situation of monopolizing land’s primary market by the government，benefitpeasants from land increment， and abolish the collective ownership to realize private ownership of land; other scholars have believed that the reality of countryside and the demand of peasants need to be recognized，the active function of land finance needs to be confronted，and the state ownership of land development right needs to be developed． All propositions above have not analyzed related systems of the Land Management Law，and the right property and right limit in collective and the individual in rural land system from the perspective of Constitution． It is necessary to analyze the rural land system and collective ownership in article 10 of Constitution，redefine the relationships among state， collectivity and individuals，and analyze the circulation system of rural land put forward in the Land Management Law．