作者：刘 燕
作者介绍：北京大学法学院教授，博士生导师，北京大学法学院公司财务与法律研究中心主任
出版日期：2015年8月9日
内容提要 公司法资本制度改革引发了对现行抽逃出资规则的普遍质疑，也进一步强 化了以“侵占公司财产”取代“抽逃出资”概念并追究抽逃出资股东侵权责任的改革动议。 然而，从公司财务结构看，股东抽逃出资包括侵占公司财产与增加公司负债两条路径; 诉诸 于侵权法更忽略了禁止股东抽逃出资是公司法最古老的理念以及资本维持原则的核心要 义。由于我国《公司法》缺乏股东—公司间资本性交易的规则框架，导致最高法院抽逃出 资司法解释的不周延; 它与《公司法》下分配规则的疏漏交织在一起，共同造就了实践中抽 逃出资问题的困境。摆脱困境不在于抛弃抽逃出资概念或诉诸侵权法，而应重构抽逃出资 规则的公司法基础。
关键词 抽逃出资 资本维持原则 公司法资本制度改革 侵权责任
Abstract: The reform of capital system in Corporation Law has raised general query to the rule of capital withdrawal，and has strengthened the concept of replacing capital withdrawal with embezzling company property，and the reform discussion about investigating the tort liability of shareholders． However，from the structure of company finance，shareholder’s withdrawal of capital includes embezzling company property and increasing company debt． That resorting to Tort Law has neglected that prohibiting shareholder’s capital withdrawal was the most ancient concept in Corporation Law and the core in the rule of capital maintenance． The absence of rule frame of capital transaction between shareholder and company in Chinese Corporation Law has led to the undistributed explanation for the withdrawal of capital by the supreme judicial court，which has caused the dilemma of capital withdrawal in practice combined with the negligence of distribution rule in Corporation Law． The way of getting rid of dilemma does not lie in the concept of capital withdrawal and resorting to the Tort Law，it lies in the reconstructing the Corporation Law basis of the rule of capital withdrawal．