作者：张平华
作者介绍：烟台大学法学院教授，法学博士
出版日期：2015年10月9日
内容提要 基于法律规范与公共政策的紧张关系，当代社会的连带责任存在弹性不足 的缺陷，须依立法和司法予以克服。规范设计上应坚持连带责任法定原则，并有法定程度 之差别: 自然连带责任派生于事实的整体性，为宽松的法定化; 建构性连带责任并未满足事 实整体性的要求，基于特殊的公共政策而生，须予严格法定。即便无“连带”字样也可成立 自然连带责任，但原则上非经明示不得成立建构性连带责任。建构性连带责任与自然连带 责任可以构成责任竞合，不存在严格的适用顺序。依据自然连带责任可填补建构性连带责 任的法律漏洞。法官不得依类推适用任意创设建构性连带责任新类型。违约连带责任、共 同犯罪未必构成侵权连带责任。连带责任也不当然具备传递性。
关键词 连带责任 连带责任法定 自然连带责任 建构性连带责任
Abstract: Because the conflict of law and public policy，joint and several liability has not enough flexibility in modern society，and we should deal with such problem by legislation and interpretation． We should insist on the Numerus Clausus of joint and several liabilities． For the difference on the integrality，there is a difference in perform degree in Numerous Clausus of joint and several liability，which is lower in natural joint and several liability，and is higher in constructive joint and several liability． We can accept natural joint and several liabilities even without the word of“joint”． The natural liability and constructive liability can form concurrent liability． The joint and several liability of breach of contract and joint crime must not be joint tort． General speaking，the judges cannot set up new types of joint and several liability by analogy，and should be careful in analogy． There is not transmissibility in different kinds of joint and several liabilities．