作者：梁开银
作者介绍：浙江师范大学法政学院教授
出版日期：2015年12月9日
内容提要 公平公正待遇条款语义抽象，作为条约规则直接适用，既容易引发适用分 歧和裁决矛盾，也容易导致私人投资者滥诉，从而损害东道国经济发展主权。国际社会试 图通过“习惯国际法最低待遇标准”之限制和“例外条款”之排除等立法技术厘清公平公正 待遇内涵以达到限制滥诉和化解裁决不一致的目的，但却陷入了条约规则适用的法方法困 境。回归公平公正待遇条款的条约原则地位，并用“立法和司法”、“原则 + 规则”的法方 法，不仅可以避免投资者直接依据公平公正待遇条款的起诉和滥诉，而且保留了司法、仲裁 机构在保证缔约方原意的前提下合理解释或适用条约的空间，平衡了私人投资者权利与东 道国经济管理主权之间的关系，最终达到化解公平公正待遇适用风险和法方法困境的目 的。
关键词 公平公正待遇 条约规则 条约原则 法方法论
Abstract: The direct application of the clause of fair and equitable treatment with its abstract semantics may cause the divergence of application and the contradiction of adjudication，and this will cause the private investors’abuse of process and damage the economy development sovereignty of the host country． The international community tries to clarify the connotation of the fair and equitable treatment by some legislative technology，such as the limitation of the“customary international law minimum standard of treatment”and the exclusion of the“exception clauses”，so as to limiting the abuse of process and resolve the conflicting adjudications． However，such conduct is just an“armchair strategist”． Ｒebuilding the principle of the fair and equitable treatment and using the legal methodology of“legislation and judicature”and“principle + rule”not only avoids investors’sue or abuse of process on the only basis of the fair and equitable treatment article，but also allows the judicial or arbitration organization the reasonable explanation and application of the treaty，maintains a balance between the right of private investors and the economic management sovereignty of host country，and finally solves the risks and dilemma in the application of the fair and equitable treatment．