作者：聂鑫
作者介绍：清华大学法学院副教授、法学博士
出版日期：2015年12月9日
内容提要 从 1908 年钦定宪法大纲到 1946 年中华民国宪法，近代中国制定了多部宪 法文件。我们考查其条文，发现其中杂糅了美、德、法等多国元素; 制宪者在移植外国制度 时，通过“独立的思考”与“理性的选择”，甚至有所“创作”。这其中一大创作便是融会贯通 各国宪制，对议会主权原则作出重大修正与改良。具体而言，在政体的选择与混合、制宪权 的归属、宪法解释机关的变动三个宪法重大问题上，近代中国经过短短三十几年的摸索，居 然与欧美“先进范式”相较毫不逊色、走到了比较宪法的前列。尽管在制宪事业上有所“创 作”，近代中国并没有将纸面的制度落实为宪法实践，但这并不能抹杀近代中国制宪者的智 识贡献与宪制创作。
关键词 议会主权 制宪权 混合政体 宪法法院
Abstract: From the constitution outline in 1908 to the 1946 constitution of people’s republic，modern China made multiple constitutional documents． We examined their articles and find out that American，German，French and other countries’elements are mixed in them; when constitution makers are transplanting foreign institutions，through independent thinking and rational choice，they even have creations． One of these big creations is digesting all countries ’ constitutions， and revising the principle of parliamentary sovereignty． Concretely，on the three significant constitution issues of regime choice and mixture， affiliation of constituent power，and the change of constitution explanation organs，through only thirty years exploration，modern China can match with the progressive Europe and America，and ranks front row in comparative constitutional law． Although modern China has some creations in the career of constitution drawing，she does not take the institution on the paper into constitutional practice， it cannot obliterate the wisdom contribution and construction creation of modern Chinese constitution makers．