作者：林 嘉
作者介绍：中国人民大学法学院教授、中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心研究员
出版日期：2015年12月9日
内容提要 退休年龄的确定关涉到劳动者劳动权和社会保障权的实现。目前我国退 休年龄的规定存在男女退休年龄差距过大、退休年龄存在身份差别、退休年龄低于世界平 均水平、养老金受领时长过长等问题，这些问题也导致了法律适用上的困惑。退休应当是 劳动者的一项权利而非义务，退休与劳动权之间不应当有必然的排斥关系，劳动者劳动权 不应因退休而受限制或者被剥夺，男女不同龄退休会导致女性社会保障权利的减损和对女 性发展权的限制。退休年龄的科学确定，应当考虑政治因素、经济因素和社会因素等。我 国未来立法应采取“渐进式”的方式合理延迟退休年龄，适当区分不同的人群适用不同的 退休年龄制度，逐渐拉近男女退休年龄的差异，实行弹性退休制度作为对法定退休年龄的 补充，以及实行更加开放的退休制度，从强制退休逐渐过渡到灵活退休。
关键词 退休年龄 延迟退休 退休权 劳动权 男女同龄退休
Abstract: The confirmation of retirement age has relationship with the realization of laborers’labor right and the right of social security． At present the stipulation of our country’ s retirement age exists the issues such as the large gap between male and female retirement age，the status difference in retirement age，retirement age that is below the world average level，long time annuity delivery and so on，which lead to the confusion of legal application． The retirement should be a right but not an obligation of labors，and there should be no repulsion relation between retirement and labor right，the labor right of labors should not be limited or deprived because of retirement，and different retirement age of the male and female will lead to the depletion of the female’s social security right and their limitation of development right． The confirmation of retirement age should takes political element， economic element and social element into account． Chinese legislation in the future should apply the progressive method to delay the retirement age，distinguish the retirement age institution of different crowds，gradually lessen the difference of the male and the female’s retirement age，implement retirement system to supplement the legal retirement age，and implement more open retirement system，and transit the compulsory retirement into flexible? retirement．