作者：韩立余
作者介绍：中国人民大学法学院教授，博士生导师
出版日期：2019年12月9日
内容提要 国际法在国有企业问题上遵循主体和行为相统一的标准，是否行使政府职 能是分析国有企业身份和行为性质等问题的基本出发点。多边国际经贸投资规则采取所 有制中性做法，聚焦商业活动。近期发达经济体采取的一系列措施对现行国有企业规则提 出了挑战。中国在推进国有企业改革时既要符合自身实际需求，又要顾及国际规范，并通 过实践影响国际法规则的发展。中国目前在国有企业性质和职能认识上还不尽统一，下一 步的国有企业改革应国资国企改革两手抓，继续坚持政企分开原则，采取国有企业分类和 分级制度，加快政资分开，建立相应的中国特色现代企业治理制度，促进公平竞争。
关键词 国有企业 政府职能 商业活动 非歧视 公平竞争
Abstract:The relevant rules of international law adhere to the standard of unification of subject and behavior to address state-owned enterprises (SOEs) issues such as identity and behavioral nature，and whether SOEs exercise governmental functions is the basic starting point of analysis． The multilateral international economic，trade and investment rules have in principle adopted a neutral attitude towards SOEs，focusing on commercial activities． These rules are challenged by various measures the developed economies have recently adopted aiming at reshaping the SOEs’ rules． When promoting the reform of SOEs，China should take international rules into account and affect the development of rules of international law without discrimination through its own practices． The current understanding of the nature and function of state-owned enterprises in China is not unified． The next step of SOEs reform should combine the reform of state-owned assets and SOEs，follow the principle of separation of government and enterprises，adopt SOEs classification and grading system，accelerate the separation of government and fund，and establish corresponding modern enterprise governance system with Chinese characteristics，and promote fair competition．