作者：杨临萍
作者介绍：重庆市高级人民法院院长，国家二级大法官，法学博士
出版日期：2019年12月9日
内容提要 铁路提单是我国国内贸易主体参照海运提单创制，并应用于中欧班列的新 型国际铁路运输单证，它具备物权凭证功能，是完善国际陆上贸易规则，推动“ 一带一路” 互联互通建设的重要制度工具。鉴于现行国际铁路货运制度是围绕铁路运单设计的，铁路 运单属于国际铁路货运必备单证，铁路提单与铁路运单的协同运作成为了当前阶段推进铁 路提单制度创新的唯一选择。铁路提单与铁路运单的协同运作需要以国际铁路货运公约 为基本遵循，合理利用铁路运单规则，确保铁路提单与铁路运单在铁路运输合同层面的统 一性，实现铁路提单签发人、 铁路运单发货人、 收货人三者的同一性。此等架构虽有重大的 实践价值，但仍属权宜之计。铁路提单制度创新的最终目标是形成一套新的国际铁路货运 单证规则，故下一阶段应着力推动铁路提单制度的规则化和国际化。
关键词 铁路提单 铁路运单 物权凭证 运输凭证 协同创新
Abstract:The railway bill of lading，which functions as a document of title，is a new type of international railway transport document that was based on the bill of lading by domestic traders and has been applied in China Ｒailway Express． It is an important institutional tool to improve the international land trade rules and promote the construction of the Belt and Ｒoad Initiative． Since the current system of international carriage by rail is built around the railway waybill，which has become an essential document for international carriage by rail，the only option for the effective promotion of the railway bill of lading system at the current stage is to make it integrate effectively with the railway waybill． The integration between the railway bill of lading and railway waybill should follow the Convention concerning International Carriage by Ｒail in order to make the railway bill of lading and railway waybill consistent in the railway transportation contract and to ensure the agreement among the railway bill of lading issuer，the railway waybill consignor and the consignee． Although this framework is of great practical value，it still has room for improvement． The ultimate objective of the proposed changes to the railway bill of lading system is to form a new set of rules for international railway freight documents． The next tasks are to achieve the regularization and internationalization of the railway bill of lading system．