作者：陈少青
作者介绍：中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心研究员、法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2025年12月9日
内容提要 财产性利益是指具有请求权属性的“债”，由于“财产性利益/债”与“财物/物”在权利归属与权利实现上存在根本性差异，对于利益转移的判断不能套用财物占有转移的认定思路。财产性利益的转移根植于债的权利实现维度，转移的对象并非债权，而是债所承载的特定利益，当财产性利益发生转移后，债权人失去了权利实现可能性。在认定权利实现是否具有可能性时，民事救济可能性是核心的考量要素。财产犯罪中，利益转移具有双层构造：其一，内因要素的转移，实现债所承载的利益的主动权从被害人转移至行为人，双方之间优势地位逆转；其二，外化要素的转移，行为人利用利益实现的主动权，获得原本应由被害人享有的债所承载的现实利益。唯有内因要素与外化要素均发生转移时，财产性利益的转移才宣告完成。
关键词 财产犯罪 财产性利益 利益转移 占有转移 民事救济可能性
Abstract: Proprietary interests refer to ‘debts’ with the attribute of right to claim. There are fundamental differences between ‘proprietary interests/debts’ and ‘properties/things’ in terms of the attribution of rights and the realization of rights. Therefore, the determination of the transfer of property possession cannot be applied directly to judge the transfer of interests. The transfer of proprietary interests is deeply rooted in the dimension of the realization of debt rights. The object of transfer is not the creditor’s rights themselves but the specific interests carried by the debts. Once a proprietary interest is transferred, the creditor loses the possibility of realizing the rights. When assessing the possibility of rights realization, the possibility of civil remedies is a core consideration. The transfer of interests has a two-layer structure in property crimes. Firstly, there is the transfer of internal elements, where the initiative to realize the interests carried by the debts shifts from the victim to the perpetrator, reversing the dominant positions of the two parties. Secondly, there is the transfer of external elements as the perpetrator uses the initiative in realizing the interests to obtain the actual interests carried by the debts that should have been enjoyed by the victim. Only when both internal and external elements are transferred can the transfer of proprietary interests be considered complete.