作者：周尚君
作者介绍：西南政法大学全面依法治国研究院教授
出版日期：2025年12月9日
内容提要 政法范畴是中国共产党领导政法工作历史经验的规范化、制度化、理论化结晶。在苏维埃政权时期和革命根据地时期，中国共产党就开展了积极的政法实践和制度探索，积累了丰富的政法工作经验。新中国成立前后，具有明确的观念内涵、稳定的组织结构以及制度化的运行体制机制的政法范畴及其制度体系逐步形成。“党管政法”的归口管理体制，在接管城市、巩固新生政权、重建新法制的过程中凝结为党领导政法工作的主要制度依托。从历史形成角度审视，政法范畴与政权建设之间具有内在统一性。政法范畴中的“政”，是政权、政治、政党之“政”；政法范畴中的“法”，是人民民主专政之“法”。“党管政法”是中国共产党领导政法单位依法履行专政职能、管理职能、服务职能的重要途径，政法范畴兼具服务党和国家中心工作、坚持人民主体地位、实现政权和治权复合功能的价值目标和规范内涵。
关键词 政法 政权 政法范畴 委员会体制 党管政法
Abstract: The scope of politics and law represents the normalized, institutionalized and theorized crystallization of the Communist Party of China’s historical experience in leading political and legal work. During the era of the Soviet government and revolutionary base areas, the Communist Party of China actively engaged in political and legal practices and institutional exploration, accumulating abundant work experience. During the period around the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the scope of politics and law and its corresponding institutional system, which had clear conceptual connotations, stable organizational structures and institutionalized operation mechanisms, gradually took shape. The centralized management by category under the Party’s leadership over political and legal work became the main institutional support for the Party’s leadership during the processes of urban takeover, consolidation of the new regime, and reconstruction of a new legal system. From the perspective of historical formation, the scope of politics and law is intrinsically unified with regime building. The term ‘politics’ in the scope of politics and law refers to political power, politics, and the Party; the term ‘law’ refers to the law of the people’s democratic dictatorship. The Party’s leadership over political and legal work is a crucial means by which the Communist Party of China ensures that political and legal institutions fulfill their functions of exercising state power, administrative management, and public service in accordance with the law. The value goals and normative connotations of the scope of politics and law encompass three dimensions: serve the central tasks of the Party and the state; uphold the people’s principal position; and realize the composite function of political and governing power.