作者：于冲
作者介绍：中国政法大学数智社会法治一体化研究中心教授
出版日期：2025年10月9日
内容提要 网络聚合犯罪作为一种以网络聚合、群体行为造成危害结果的犯罪类型，在网络累积效应、溢出效应和聚量效应的影响下，往往具有严重的社会危害性。但是，由于各行为主体之间既缺乏意思联络，也无共同实行行为，网络聚合犯罪主要体现为对违规行为、违法侵权行为甚至中立行为、生活行为的违法性聚合，具有因果关系网络稀释化、实行行为碎片化、主观罪过模糊化等特征。对此，以实行行为为中心的传统刑法理论在行为认定、因果关系判定和罪过认定上均存在严重的不周延性。对于碎片化、链条化和协作化并存的网络聚合犯罪模式，应当结合网络聚合犯罪的规律特征，以其所引发的聚量性危害结果的责任分配为中心，结合传统刑法的义务犯理论，依据行为主体对网络聚合危害结果同向推进的罪过类型，合理划定网络聚合犯罪可罚类型、可罚状态与定量标准，实现刑法预防犯罪与防范过度预防犯罪的平衡。
关键词 网络聚合犯罪 网络犯罪 共同犯罪 聚量效应 义务犯
Abstract: Network aggregation crime, as a type of crime in which harmful consequences arise from network aggregation and group behavior, lacks both subjective awareness of intentional contact between the various actors and a shared act of commission. Under the influence of cumulative, spillover, and aggregation effects, such crimes often cause serious social harm. However, as network aggregation crimes primarily involve the illegal aggregation of violations, infringements and even neutral or daily day behavior, they possess characteristics such as the dilution of causality, fragmentation of criminal conduct, and the blurring of subjective fault. In this regard, traditional criminal law theories centered on individual acts of commission have serious inadequacies in identifying the act, causality, and guilt of network aggregation crimes. Given the increasingly fragmented, chain-like, and collaborative pattern of network aggregation crimes, it is necessary to consider the unique features of such crimes, with a focus on the allocation of responsibility for the cumulative harmful outcomes. This should align with the traditional criminal law theory of duty crimes, rationally delineating the punishable types, states, and quantifiable standards for network aggregation crimes according to the type of fault of the actor, thereby striking a balance between the prevention of criminal behavior and the prevention of excessive punishment under criminal law.