作者：蓝学友
作者介绍：上海交通大学凯原法学院助理教授，法学博士
出版日期：2025年10月9日
内容提要 “自然犯/法定犯”不是一组形而上的犯罪分类，而是一个贯通犯罪学、刑法学和日常生活世界的知识节点。以悖德性标准区分自然犯与法定犯，是贯通犯罪学、刑法学与传统生活世界的关键；而在私人领域与公共领域显著分化的现代社会，区分主体性法益与主体间性法益并以此为标准区分自然犯与法定犯，是贯通犯罪学、刑法学与现代生活世界的关键。建构中国自主的法定犯刑法知识体系，应当立足“犯罪学—刑法学—生活世界”三向贯通的体系视角，以法定犯处罚正当性问题为主线，一方面运用主体间性法益观化解“法定犯地方性与刑罚普世性矛盾”和“法定犯变动性与刑罚稳定性矛盾”，另一方面以主体间性法益观为指导解释我国法定犯个罪共有的三大构成要件。
关键词 自然犯 法定犯 主体性法益 主体间性法益
Abstract: The distinction between natural crime (mala in se) and statutory crime (mala prohibita) is not a metaphysical classification of crimes but rather a conceptual nexus connecting criminology, criminal law, and the lifeworld. Differentiating natural crime and statutory crime based on moral reprehensibility serves as the key to bridging criminology, criminal law, and the traditional lifeworld. Conversely, in modern societies characterized by a marked differentiation between the private and public spheres, distinguishing natural crime from statutory crime by the criterion of subjective legal interests versus intersubjective legal interests is crucial for linking criminology, criminal law, and the modern lifeworld. To construct China’s autonomous theoretical framework for statutory crime in criminal law, we must adopt a tripartite systemic perspective that integrates ‘criminology–criminal law–lifeworld,’ with the justification for penalizing statutory crime as the central theme. The intersubjective theory of legal interests should be employed to resolve two key contradictions: the tension between the locality of statutory crime and the universality of punishment, and the conflict between the fluidity of statutory crime and the stability of penal sanctions. Furthermore, this intersubjective approach should guide the interpretation of the three common constitutive elements shared by individual statutory offenses in Chinese criminal law.