作者：余成峰
作者介绍：北京航空航天大学法学院、人文与社会科学高等研究院教授
出版日期：2025年10月9日
内容提要 数字平台的全球性崛起，正深刻重构经济社会的组织模式与权力结构，并引发前所未有的法律挑战。数字平台兼具“监管对象—监管主体”的复杂法律属性，对此，实践中衍生出包括自我监管、间接监管与协同监管三种类型在内的改良型监管模式。这三种类型分别根植于合同法、组织法与网络法模型，虽各具优势却均存在结构性局限。为适应高度复杂社会的数字平台监管需求，亟需超越公共与私人的二分法视角，在系统论法学视野下建构反思型监管模式。反思型监管旨在通过间接激扰、结构耦合与反馈调整等机制，取代改良型监管的一阶导控逻辑。可围绕目标理念、系统架构、运行机制三大层级，从制度目标、规制理念、中观模型、微观层次、宏观架构、要素框架、监管权限、责任配置、规范类型等九个维度展开反思型监管的体系化设计。
关键词 数字平台 平台监管 反思型监管 系统论法学 二阶观察
Abstract: The global rise of digital platforms is profoundly reshaping the organizational models and power structures of the economy and society, posing unprecedented legal challenges. Digital platforms possess the complex legal attributes of both ‘regulatory object’ and ‘regulatory subject’. In practice, these digital platforms have given rise to three types of modified regulatory models: self-regulation, indirect regulation, and collaborative regulation. These three models are rooted in contract law, organic law, and network law, respectively. While each possesses advantages, they also suffer from structural limitations. To meet the regulatory needs of digital platforms in a highly complex society, it is imperative to transcend the public/private dichotomy and construct a reflective regulatory model within the framework of system theory of law. Reflective regulation aims to replace the first-order control logic of modified regulatory models through mechanisms such as indirect perturbations, structural coupling, and feedback adjustments. A systematic design for reflective regulation can be developed from nine dimensions: institutional objectives, regulatory idea, meso-level model, micro-level, macro-architecture, element framework, regulatory authority, responsibility allocation, and norm types, centering on the three levels of normative vision, system architecture, and operational mechanisms.