作者：周叶中
作者介绍：武汉大学法学院教授
出版日期：2025年10月9日
内容提要 中国宪法学长期面临“何以中国”的理论叩问。为破解宪法学的“中国性”难题，有必要立足当代中国宪法实际提炼标志性概念。作为习近平法治思想重要组成部分的“依宪治国、依宪执政”，不仅是中国共产党人的原创性概念，而且是中国宪法学自主知识体系的标志性概念。“依宪治国、依宪执政”以党领导人民发展宪法为逻辑牵引，内含以党领导人民制定宪法为基本前提的宪法生成论、以社会主义性质的人民宪法为载体的宪法本体论、以党依据宪法治国理政为基本实现方式的宪法运行论，展现出当代中国宪法道路的本质属性以及与其他国家宪法道路的差异性。“依宪治国、依宪执政”还是对马克思主义宪法观的科学呈现、对中国大一统政治传统的时代阐释、对当代中国宪法经验的高度凝练，呈现出鲜明战略导向和强烈主体意识，兼具立场明确、理论集成、实践指引等多重功能。以“依宪治国、依宪执政”为标志性概念构建中国宪法学自主知识体系，应自觉贯穿党领导人民发展宪法这一逻辑主线，对中国宪法的基本理论、基本制度和实施机制进行深刻揭示。
关键词 依宪治国 依宪执政 自主知识体系 标志性概念 党的领导
Abstract: China’s constitutional law has long been confronted with the theoretical question of ‘what defines China.’ To address the challenge of the ‘Chineseness’ of constitutional law, it is essential to refine iconic concepts grounded in the reality of contemporary China’s constitution. As an integral part of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, ‘Constitution-based Governance and Constitution-based Exercise of State Power’ is not only an original concept proposed by the Communist Party of China but also an iconic concept of China’s independent constitutional law knowledge system. ‘Constitution-based Governance and Constitution-based Exercise of State Power’ is logically guided by the Party’s leadership in developing the constitution by the people. It encompasses a constitutional generation theory based on the fundamental premise that the constitution is formulated by the people under the Party’s leadership, a constitutional ontology centered on the socialist people’s constitution as its carrier, and a constitutional operation theory that emphasizes the Party’s governance and state administration in accordance with the constitution as its fundamental implementation method. This framework reflects the essential characteristics of contemporary China’s constitutional path and its distinctions from the constitutional paths of other countries. In addition to its unique core tenets, ‘Constitution-based Governance and Constitution-based Exercise of State Power’ represents a scientific articulation of the Marxist view of the constitution, a modern interpretation of the unity of the whole country, and a highly condensed summary of contemporary China’s constitutional practices. It demonstrates a clear strategic orientation and a strong sense of subjectivity, integrating multiple functions such as a well-defined stance, theoretical synthesis, and practical guidance. To construct China’s independent constitutional law knowledge system with ‘Constitution-based Governance and Constitution-based Exercise of State Power’ as its iconic concept, it is necessary to consciously integrate the logical mainline of the Party’s leadership in developing the constitution by the people. This involves a profound exploration of the fundamental theories, basic systems, and implementation mechanisms of China’s constitution.
