作者：陈卫东
作者介绍：中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心教授
出版日期：2025年10月9日
内容提要 中华传统司法文明蕴含着丰富的治理智慧，在刑事司法领域形成了稳定的治理范式。中国古代刑事司法治理主要解决治国、治民和治吏的问题，三者也构成了刑事司法治理的对象和场域。中国古代在治理国家上注重中央集权的司法控制，在治理民众上体现刑教兼施的司法目的，在治理官吏上设定了严明矜谨的司法职责。中国古代刑事司法治理形成了独特的方略，在“治道”层面展现出司法内核的伦理化取向，在“治制”层面反映了司法权力的层级化配置，在“治术”层面则追求司法技艺的差异化调适。积淀千年的司法制度资源在治理层面展现出强大的回应与调和能力。当下的中国应当重视刑罚宽严在社会治理中的调节作用，充分借助司法对犯罪人及公众进行矫治和法治教育，并且形塑刑事司法的多元共治格局。
关键词 国家治理 刑事司法 治理范式 司法文明 传统法律文化
Abstract: Traditional Chinese judicial civilization embodies profound wisdom about governance, having established stable governance paradigms in the realm of criminal justice. Ancient China’s criminal justice governance mainly solved three types of problems, namely governing the country, governing the people, and governing officials, which also constituted the object and field of criminal justice governance. In ancient China, criminal justice emphasized centralized judicial control in governing the country, reflected the judicial purpose of combining punishment and education in governing the people, and established the judicial responsibilities of strict probity and circumspect prudence in governing officials. The ancient Chinese criminal justice governance applied unique strategies: at the governing principles level, it manifested an ethical orientation of judicial essence; at the governing institutions level, it reflected a stratified configuration of judicial authority; and at the governing methodologies level, it pursued differentiated adaptation of judicial techniques. The judicial institutional resources accumulated over millennia have demonstrated formidable responsiveness and mediation capabilities at the governance level. At present, China should emphasize the role of adjusting the balance between leniency and severity in punishment within social governance, fully leverage judicial means to educate and rehabilitate individuals and communities, while shaping a pattern of collaborative governance in criminal justice.