作者：于文轩
作者介绍：中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授
出版日期：2025年8月9日
内容提要 生态保护是生态环境法治建设的重要内容。作为生态环境法律体系化的最高形态，生态环境法典应当就生态保护有关问题作出系统规定，这既是生态文明法治理念的内在要求，也是基于对生态环境法治发展规律科学认知的重大法治创新。将生态保护规范纳入生态环境法典，应处理好法典规范与现行单行法律规范之间的关系，妥当安排生态保护规范在生态环境法典中的篇章布局。在法典规范与单行法律规范的关系处理上，生态环境法典中的生态保护规范应采用“双法源”模式，提炼、择取现行法律中作为“要旨要则”的有关生态保护法治的基本原则和基本制度纳入法典，同时将旨在保护生态功能的创制性规范纳入其中。在篇章结构上，生态环境法典中的生态保护规范应在充分考虑生态文明法治实践的内在需求的基础上，采用基于制度逻辑的“重构”式编排方式，依照以生物多样性保护为主要线索、强化生态环境保护重点方面的思路进行体系构建。《生态环境法典（草案）》在这些方面已作出较为妥当的安排，同时在一些具体细节方面还可作进一步优化完善。
关键词 生态保护规范 生态环境法典 系统整体观 “双法源”模式
Abstract: Ecological conservation is a crucial component of the rule of law for ecology and environment. As the highest form of ecological legal systematization, the Ecological and Environmental Code (hereinafter referred to as the Code) should establish systematic provisions concerning ecological conservation, which reflects the intrinsic requirements of the rule of law in ecological civilization and represents a significant legal innovation grounded in a scientific understanding of the rule of law for ecology and environment. The codification of ecological conservation norms should carefully coordinate between the Code and existing specific statutes, and relevant provisions should be appropriately integrated into the Code. The Code should adopt the ‘dual sources’ model, primarily integrating fundamental legal principles and institutions of ecological conservation that serve as the essential principles and rules from existing laws, and new norms designed to preserve ecological functions. In terms of text structure, the ecological conservation norms within the Code should fully consider the inherent requirements of legal practices for ecological civilization and adopt the ‘reconstruction’ arrangement based on the institutional logic. These norms should be systematically structured according to the logical framework of biodiversity conservation and key areas of ecological conservation. The Ecological and Environmental Code (Draft) has made relatively appropriate arrangements in these aspects, while further optimization and improvement can still be carried out in some specific details.