作者：李永明
作者介绍：浙江大学光华法学院教授
出版日期：2025年8月9日
内容提要 以开放性为核心特征的开放创新范式引发了对知识产权绝对排他性的反思，基于新范式下知识产权集多元属性于一身的认知，从知识产权权利功能层面审视更具有基础意义。由知识产权利益分配基本功能可引申出防御与利用两大功能面向，不同创新范式下的知识产权权利功能侧重有所差异。在开放创新范式下，知识产权权利功能之重心当由传统的防御功能面向转为利用功能面向。知识产权法价值体系的内在指引与积淀下来的财产权基础理论可为知识产权权利功能重解提供理论奠基。知识产权利用功能之实现一方面应当立足于知识产权基础理念从侧重权利所有到聚焦权利利用之变化，弱化其排他性、增强其容他性以及利益分享性；另一方面应在遵循财产权构造基本原理的前提下，回归权利本体研究层面，通过搭造权能体系丰富知识产权内部权利结构，为后续的知识产权利用行为提供可能，真正实现知识产权尽其用。
关键词 开放式创新 知识产权 权利功能 财产权 权利结构
Abstract: The openness-centric open innovation paradigm has prompted a rethink of the absolute exclusivity of intellectual property. Recognizing intellectual property’s multifaceted nature in this new framework, examining its functional dimensions offers greater foundational significance. Based on the fundamental function of intellectual property in benefit distribution, two key functional dimensions can be derived: defensive and exploitative applications. The emphasis of intellectual property rights’ functional orientation varies across different innovation paradigms. The open innovation paradigm necessitates a functional reorientation of intellectual property rights—from conventionally defensive postures to proactively exploitative modalities. The intrinsic normative framework of IP law, coupled with accumulated property rights theory, offers foundational support for reconstructing the functional paradigm of intellectual property. The realization of the functional utility of intellectual property rights should be approached from two perspectives. On the one hand, it must be grounded in the foundational principles of intellectual property, shifting the focus from exclusive ownership to prioritized utilization—thereby mitigating its exclusionary nature while enhancing its inclusiveness and profit-sharing attributes. On the other hand, returning to the ontological study of rights, the construction should adhere to the fundamental tenets of property rights. By developing a framework of powers and functions to enrich the internal structure of intellectual property rights, it creates possibilities for subsequent utilization practices, ultimately achieving the goal of maximizing the utility of intellectual property.