作者：纵博
作者介绍：安徽财经大学法学院教授
出版日期：2025年8月9日
内容提要 刑事司法实践中的“证据链”概念存在内涵不明、标准模糊、功能不清等问题，“形成完整的证据链”往往成为一种逃避证据说理责任的修辞手法。证据链并非仅表示证据间的相互印证，根据对《刑事诉讼法》第55条和相关司法解释条款的体系解释，“完整的证据链”是《刑事诉讼法》第55条中“定罪的事实都有证据证明”的动态化、形象化表达，所以可将证据链的内涵界定为各证据证明犯罪构成要件事实并组合成案件事实过程中形成的动态关联结构。证据链完整的基本标准是各犯罪构成要件事实均有证据证明；在对每一犯罪构成要件事实的证明中，证据的推理链条应当是完整且合理的；能够以犯罪构成要件事实为核心形成一个完整、可信的案件事实框架。证据链概念的核心功能是贯彻证据裁判原则，同时也可促进证据分析精细化、保障证明标准的正确适用、加强法庭调查的实质化。
关键词 证据链 犯罪构成要件事实 证据推理 证明标准 证据分析
Abstract: The concept of ‘evidence chain’ in criminal judicial practice faces issues such as unclear connotation, lack of standards, and ambiguous functions. ‘Forming an integral evidence chain’ often becomes a rhetorical device to evade the responsibility of evidence reasoning. Evidence chain does not merely indicate mutual corroboration among evidences. According to the systematic interpretation of article 55 of the Criminal Procedure Law and relevant judicial interpretations, ‘an integral evidence chain’ is a dynamic and concrete expression that ‘all facts for conviction and sentencing are supported by evidence’ stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Law. Therefore, the connotation of the evidence chain can be defined as the dynamic linking structure formed during the process where evidences prove the facts of the constitutive elements of a crime and collectively construct the facts of a case. The basic requirement for an integral evidence chain is that there is evidence to prove the facts of each element of the crime. In the proof of each fact constituting the crime, the chain of reasoning of the evidence should be complete and reasonable, and a complete and credible framework of case facts should be formed with constitutive elements of the crime as the core. The main function of evidence chain is to implement the principle of evidence judgment. Additionally, it facilitates more refined evidence analysis, ensures correct application of evidentiary standards, and promotes the substantiality of court investigation.