作者：王雷
作者介绍：中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心研究员、法学院教授
出版日期：2025年8月9日
内容提要 《民法典合同编通则解释》中有大量证据规范，体现了民事一体化的司法解释起草技术。这些证据规范在民法典合同编证据规范基础上有新发展，可在合同纠纷认定案件事实环节发挥裁判规范功能，但应有意识地对其作类型化、体系化研究。《民法典合同编通则解释》中的证据规范可以类型化为举证责任一般规范、法律事实推定规范、法律事实拟制规范和证明标准规范。其中，举证责任一般规范适用于事实认定问题，立法将事实认定问题转化为法律适用问题后就不再存在举证责任一般规范的适用。需要区分请求、抗辩、再抗辩对应的举证责任，区分本证和反证的举证安排。越权代表中相对人善意事实推定规则仅适用于代表权意定限制事项，适用范围被限缩，合同恶意串通事实的证明标准被降低到高度可能性标准，均对民事实体法和程序法中的既有证据规范作了较大发展。
关键词 民法典合同编通则解释 证据规范 举证责任 民事一体化
Abstract: The Interpretation of the General Provisions of Contracts Book in the Civil Code contains a large amount of evidence norms, which reflects the civil integration drafting technology of the judicial interpretation. The evidence norms have made new developments on the basis of the evidence norms in the Contracts Book of the Civil Code, which can play an adjudication role in the determination of facts in contract disputes. It is necessary to consciously conduct typological and systematic research on the evidence norms. The evidence norms in the Interpretation of the General Provisions of Contracts Book in the Civil Code can be categorized as general norms of burden of proof, presumption norms of legal facts, norms of legal facts fiction, and norms of proof standards. The general norms of the burden of proof are applicable to the issue of factual determination. After legislation transforms the issue of factual determination into legal application, the application of the general norms of the burden of proof is unnecessary. It is necessary to distinguish the burden of proof corresponding to the request, defense, and rebuttal, and to distinguish the arrangement of proof for assertive evidence and counter evidence. The limitation of the scope of application of the rule of presumption of good faith by the counterpart in the representation of ultra vires, which is only applicable to matters subject to autonomy limitations on representations, and the reduction of the standard of proof for the fact of malicious collusion in contract to high possibility have made significant developments in the existing evidence norms in civil substantive law and procedural law.