作者：王怡
作者介绍：中国社会科学院法学研究所副编审，中国社会科学院大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2025年4月9日
内容提要 基于立法社会效果作出立法决策是科学立法的必然要求。经济社会环境、制度环境、主体因素、技术因素等，都潜移默化地塑造着立法社会效果，使之呈现积极效果与消极效果并存、宏观效果与微观效果并存、远期效果与近期效果并存的复杂面相。标准化的立法评估带有理性决策的前见，往往难以超出立法目标的既定视野而给出更多有关立法社会效果的信息，有必要引入立法社会效果论证，在民主参与的过程中发现和检验立法社会效果，并基于论证性商谈凝聚最大共识。围绕立法社会效果所产生的各种争议或疑难，必须在立法审议中被充分考虑和权衡。基于立法社会效果作出的立法决策，并非机械化的法律文本增删，而是一种需要调用系统性思维的决策应变，既可以尝试在法律系统外部寻求社会问题的解决方案，也可以在法律系统内部统筹谋划立法方案。
关键词 科学立法 立法社会效果 立法评估 立法论证 立法策略
Abstract: Making legislative decisions based on the social effects of legislation is an inevitable requirement of scientific legislation. Economic and social environment, institutional environment, subject factors, technical factors, etc., all imperceptibly shape the social effect of legislation, making it present a complex aspect which could be described as the coexistence of positive effect and negative effect, macro effect and micro effect, long-term effect and short-term effect. The standardized legislative evaluation, with the foresight of rational decision-making, is often difficult to give more information about the social effect of legislation beyond the established vision of the legislative goal. It is necessary to introduce legislative social effect argumentation to discover and test the social effects of legislation in the process of democratic participation, and to reach the greatest consensus based on argumentative deliberation. All kinds of disputes or difficulties arising around the social effect of legislation must be fully considered and weighed in the process of legislative deliberation. The legislative decision made based on the social effect of legislation is not a mechanical legal text addition or deletion, but a kind of decision-making contingency that needs to call systematic thinking: either seeking solutions to social problems outside the legal system or planning legislative schemes within it.