作者：张红
作者介绍：武汉大学法学院教授
出版日期：2025年4月9日
内容提要 脑机接口技术具有颠覆人类存在形式和组织形态的巨大潜力。为了应对脑机接口技术，多国试图从神经权利的角度开展立法活动。我国应以《民法典》人格权编为基础，对脑机接口的技术发展进行体系化规制。在物质性人格权益层面，《民法典》第1008条可以为脑机接口的临床试验提供规范依据，《民法典》第1002条的“生命尊严”可以涵摄新技术引发的自我认知危机。在精神性人格权益层面，意识活动受隐私权和个人信息制度的保护。在一般人格权层面，《民法典》第990条第2款可以对自然人的感知利益和人身自由进行保护。在未来万脑互联的脑联网社会，人格权益的保护问题具有兜底性、本源性的地位，生命的数字化最终将重塑整个人格权体系。
关键词 脑机接口 人格权 感知利益 人身自由
Abstract: Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology holds immense potential to revolutionize the forms of human existence and organizational structures. In response to advancements in BCI technology, multiple countries are attempting to initiate legislative activities from the perspective of neural rights. China should build upon the personality rights section of the Civil Code to systematically regulate the technological development of brain-computer interfaces. At the level of physical personality rights, article 1008 of the Civil Code can provide a normative basis for clinical trials of brain-computer interfaces, while the ‘life dignity’ stipulated in article 1002 can encompass the self-cognitive crises induced by new technologies. In terms of spiritual personality rights, mental activities are protected under the right to privacy and personal information systems. At the level of general personality rights, paragraph 2 of article 990 of the Civil Code can safeguard the sentient interests and personal freedom of individuals. In the future Brainet society of interconnected minds, the protection of personality rights will hold a fundamental and foundational position, as the digitization of life will ultimately reshape the entire personality rights system.