作者：马一德
作者介绍：中国科学院大学知识产权学院教授
出版日期：2025年2月9日
内容提要 为更好地指引我国专利法的未来修订和实施，满足国家治理制度现代化的需要，有必要探究我国专利制度现代化的构建逻辑。我国专利法制定实施初期，主要遵循的是西方专利制度的生成和运行逻辑，即以最大限度地服务市场经济为主、以实现国家意志为辅、尽量减少国家和政府的干预。基于我国跨越式转型、非均衡发展和超大规模崛起等特殊国情，移植而来的专利制度产生了不适应的问题，使得我国专利制度转向独立自主的本土化和现代化，并形成了独特的中国式逻辑：立足中国共产党的全面领导和国家意志的全维整合，以中国特色社会主义市场经济体制不断激发专利制度的内生力量。依托强大的国家意志整合机制，我国专利制度创造性地融合了一般性逻辑和中国式逻辑，推动社会主义市场经济体制改革，形成了独特的结构性竞争力。在新型举国体制下，我国专利制度承担着从国内国际两个维度进一步深化产业分工和资源整合、最大限度释放出全社会的创新潜能的任务。专利制度应为我国开放式创新模式的建构提供最大程度支持，并在人类命运共同体的理念下统筹规划，实现完善国内法律制度与推进全球治理改革的同步。
关键词 专利制度现代化 市场机制 新型举国体制 开放式创新
Abstract: To better guide the future revision and implementation of China’s patent law and meet the needs of the modernization of the national governance system, it is necessary to explore the construction logic of the modernization of China’s patent system. In the early stage of the enactment and implementation of China’s patent law, the formation and operation logic of the Western patent system was mainly followed, that is, giving top priority to serving the market economy to the greatest extent, supplemented by the realization of the will of the state, and minimizing the intervention of the state and the government. Based on China’s special national conditions such as leapfrog transformation, unbalanced development, and the rise of an ultra-large scale, the transplanted patent system has encountered problems of inadaptability, which leads to the shift of China’s patent system towards independent localization and modernization. A unique Chinese logic has been formed: based on the overall leadership of the Communist Party of China and the all-dimensional integration of the will of the state, the internal strength of the patent system is continuously stimulated by the socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics. Relying on the powerful integration mechanism of the national will, China’s patent system has creatively integrated the general logic and the Chinese logic, promoted the reform of the socialist market economic system, and formed a unique structural competitiveness. Under the new national system, China’s patent system undertakes the task of further deepening industrial division of labor and resource integration from both domestic and international dimensions and maximizing the release of the innovation potential of the whole society. The patent system should provide the greatest support for the construction of China’s open innovation model and is planned under the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind to realize the synchronization of improving domestic legal systems and promoting global governance reforms.