作者：王颖
作者介绍：武汉大学环境法研究所副研究员、法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2026年2月9日
内容提要 我国少年司法民行刑一体化研究与刑事附属性之困境，导致现行少年刑事司法中的最有利于未成年人原则、国家亲权原则与刑罚性质存有矛盾，与刑事法基础理论存在分离，最终带来少年刑事司法基本原则的功能虚化。我国少年刑事司法有必要在与最有利于未成年人原则、国家亲权原则适度分离的前提下，基于刑法积极特殊预防理论，以教育与矫治为核心理念，兼顾刑罚个别化与司法实践展开基本原则之重构，确立教育原则、再社会化原则与辅助性原则。教育原则是指，通过以教育与矫治为核心的教育刑实现未成年犯的再犯预防，致力于轻罪“以教代刑”与重罪“以刑融教”；再社会化原则是指，以未成年犯有效回归社会为主要目标，致力于适用去刑事化、非刑罚化、非隔离的刑事程序与再社会化处遇措施；辅助性原则是指，为避免监禁刑之弊端，应积极适用刑罚替代措施与非监禁刑，以监禁刑作为辅助性刑罚。
关键词 少年刑事司法 未成年人犯罪 教育原则 再社会化原则 辅助性原则
Abstract: The predicament of the integrated study on the civil, administrative, and criminal aspects of juvenile justice in China, along with its criminal subordination, has led to contradiction between the current principles of best interests of the child and parens patriae in the current juvenile criminal justice and the nature of criminal punishment. This situation results in the separation from the basic logic of criminal law, ultimately leading to functional failure of the fundamental principles of juvenile criminal justice. Under the premise of appropriate separation from the principles of best interests of the child and parens patriae, it is necessary for China’s juvenile criminal justice to reconstruct its basic principles based on the theory of positive special prevention under criminal law, with education and correction as the core tenets, while taking into account individualization of punishment and judicial practice, thereby establishing the principles of education, resocialization, and subsidiarity. The principle of education refers to the prevention of recidivism among juvenile offenders through educational punishment centered on education and correction, aiming to replace punishment with education for minor offenses and integrate education into punishment for serious offenses. The principle of resocialization refers to taking the reintegration of juvenile offenders into society as the main goal, and committing to the application of decriminalized, non-penalized, and non-isolated criminal procedures and resocialization measures. The principle of subsidiarity refers to actively applying alternative measures to penalty and non-custodial sentences to avoid shortcomings of imprisonment, with imprisonment as a subsidiary penalty.