作者：王克稳
作者介绍：苏州大学王健法学院、公法研究中心教授
出版日期：2026年2月9日
内容提要 自行政性失信惩戒制度推出以来，行政机关普遍将其作为解决市场监管和社会治理失灵的手段，行政性失信惩戒的适用范围呈不断扩张之势，又由于失信惩戒的法治化程度较低，其制度运行基本处于失范状态。行政性失信惩戒由失信认定、失信名单管理与失信惩戒措施的种类与设定三方面基本制度构成，因此，对行政性失信惩戒的规范相应包括了对上述三方面基本制度的规范。在失信认定方面，失信认定的依据应以经行政处罚或者刑事处罚认定的、存在主观恶意的违法行为信息为限；在失信名单管理方面，失信名单管理措施的设定应当遵循法律保留原则；在失信惩戒措施方面，其规范重点是许可限制类措施的设定，规范路径是将这类惩戒措施作为行政许可的消极条件纳入行政许可的制度范畴。
关键词 行政性失信惩戒 失信认定 失信名单管理 失信惩戒措施
Abstract: Since the introduction of the administrative dishonesty punishment system, administrative authorities have widely adopted it as a means to address failures in market regulation and social governance. The scope of the application of administrative dishonesty punishment has exhibited a trend of continuous expansion. However, due to the relatively low level of legalization of dishonesty punishment, this system operates in widespread anomie. Administrative dishonesty punishment comprises three fundamental components: the determination of dishonesty, the management of dishonesty lists, and the types and settings of dishonesty punishment measures. Accordingly, its regulation must address these three aspects. Regarding the determination of dishonesty, the basis for such determinations should be limited to information on unlawful acts confirmed by administrative or criminal penalties that involve subjective malice. For the management of dishonesty lists, the establishment of management measures must adhere to the principle of legal reservation. In respect for dishonesty punishment measures, the focus of regulation lies in the design of licensing restrictions. The regulatory approach involves incorporating these punitive measures as negative conditions for administrative licensing into the institutional framework of administrative licensing.