作者：廖永安
作者介绍：湘潭大学法学学部教授
出版日期：2026年2月9日
内容提要 调解是备受国际社会关注的中国内生型法律制度和法学领域。与其他部门法学相比，建构与发展中国调解自主知识体系对中国法学自主知识体系而言更具有主体性、原创性、正当性。然而，现有调解知识体系长期被诉讼中心理论遮蔽、被工具主义政策主导、被传统调解理念束缚、被西方ADR话语冲击，构建中国调解自主知识体系已成为中国法学当前面临的迫切任务。从理论抽象性与实践指引性的关系上看，中国调解自主知识体系的内容框架主要由调解目的论、调解价值论、调解模式论、调解根据论、调解程序论构成。基于此逻辑前提，发展中国调解自主知识体系必须以中国调解的标识性概念和原创性理论为抓手，梳理利益共同体、综合性正义、预防性治理等植根于中国调解历史与实践的核心概念，提炼正确处理人民内部矛盾的调解客体认识理论、坚持“大调解”联动的调解组织构造理论、坚持调解优先的调解机制运行理论等重要命题，促使中国调解真正肩负起推进中国式法治现代化的时代使命。关键词 纠纷解决 调解 自主知识体系 标识性概念 原创性理论
Abstract: China’s mediation system is one of the endogenous legal systems and legal fields that have attracted significant attention from the international community. Compared with other departmental laws, the construction and development of an independent knowledge system for mediation is more distinctive in subjectivity, originality, and legitimacy for China’s independent knowledge system of jurisprudence. However, the existing mediation knowledge system has long been overshadowed by litigation-centered theories, dominated by instrumentalist policies, constrained by traditional mediation concepts, and impacted by Western ADR discourses. Constructing an independent knowledge system for China’s mediation has thus become an urgent task for Chinese jurisprudence today. From the perspective of the relationship between theoretical abstraction and practical guidance, the content framework of this independent knowledge system mainly consists of the theories of mediation purpose, mediation value, mediation model, mediation bases, and mediation procedure. Based on this logical premise, the development of China’s independent knowledge system of mediation should take the iconic concepts and original theories as the starting point. It is necessary to sort out core concepts rooted in the history and practice of China’s mediation, such as the community of shared interests, comprehensive justice, and preventive governance; extract important propositions including the theory of understanding mediation objects for appropriately addressing disputes between members of the public, the theory of mediation organizational structure adhering to the linkage of comprehensive mediation, and the theory of mediation mechanism operation emphasizing mediation priority; and thereby enable China’s mediation to truly shoulder the historical mission of promoting the modernization of the rule of law with Chinese characteristics.