作者：李永军
作者介绍：中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授
出版日期：2026年2月9日
内容提要 我国《民法典》合同编在体例上独立成编且坚持了民商合一的立法传统，这是法制史上的创新，为建立中国自主的合同法知识体系奠定了坚实基础。在价值理念上，合同编极具中国特色，反映了社会主义核心价值观，体现了保护弱者的理念和绿色原则；在制度规范上，合同编作出诸多创新，积极回应我国社会发展和人民生活需求。《民法典》实施五年以来，学理和司法实践以合同编规定为实证法基础，发展和续造了诸如债权合同独立、强制性规定之判断标准、预约的认定与后果、以物抵债的效力与后果、违约方合同解除的条件等理论与具体裁判规则。当然，《民法典》颁布后，就一些问题仍存在许多争议，如债因、自然之债、典型合同的选择标准、民商主体在规范适用中的区分、准合同的内在体系建构以及违约责任与侵权责任的融贯和区分等问题都需要进一步研究和探讨。
关键词 民法典 合同编 债因 自然之债 准合同
Abstract: The Contracts Book of China’s Civil Code is structured as the independent compilation and adheres to the legislative tradition of integrating civil and commercial law, which represents an innovation in the history of legal systems and lays a solid foundation for establishing China’s independent knowledge system of contract law. In terms of values and principles, the Contracts Book is deeply imbued with Chinese characteristics, reflecting core socialist values and embodying the concept of protecting the vulnerable as well as the green principle. In terms of the institutional and regulatory system, the Contracts Book introduces numerous innovations, actively responding to the developmental needs of Chinese society and the demands of people’s lives. Over the five years since the implementation of the Civil Code, academic discourse and judicial practice have conducted valuable explorations based on the provisions of the Contracts Book as an empirical foundation, developing and refining theories and specific adjudication rules such as independence of creditor contracts, criteria for determining mandatory provisions, the recognition and consequences of pre-contracts, the validity and effects of settlement by property, and conditions for contract termination by the breaching party. Of course, some controversies persist after the enactment of the Civil Code. Issues such as obligations, natural obligations, accurately distinguishing between civil and commercial entities in judicial practice, and the internal system of quasi-contracts remain contentious and require further research and discussion.