作者：崔建远
作者介绍：清华大学谭兆讲席教授
出版日期：2026年2月9日
内容提要 《民法典》集物权规范之大成，彰显中国自主的物权法知识体系，如高扬绿色原则，强调和重视国家所有权、集体所有权，独创海域使用权制度，独创土地承包经营权、土地经营权等农地“三权分置”的物权结构，新创集体经营性土地使用权，承认恢复原状请求权具有双重性等。由于人的理性有限，立法难以面面俱到，且随着社会不断发展，新事物、新问题不时涌现，立法或修法跟进很难及时，裁判、司法解释甚至指导性案例在解释、适用《民法典》中发挥着巨大作用，也肩负起填补法律漏洞的重任，贡献不菲，但仍有提升的空间，包括保持谦抑等。尽管学说对法律规定的解释仅为学理解释，但其可为形成有权解释提供参考素材，或是为有权解释扩宽视野、思路，或是直接或间接地涤除裁判者原有的不见得妥当的认知，或是为裁判者提供处理个案的方案，或是增强裁判者下决心的勇气。只有法学才能发展法的具体内容，认识部分与整体的关系。所以，就解释、检讨、完善《民法典》物权编及相关裁判、司法解释，推动物权制度向前发展，学界负有义不容辞的责任。
关键词 民法典 物权编司法解释 物权规范 物权法自主知识体系 物权法理论
Abstract: The Civil Code is a comprehensive collection of real rights regulations, highlighting the independent knowledge system of real rights law in China. It prominently features the green principle, emphasizes and attaches great importance to state ownership and collective ownership, innovates the system of the right to use the sea areas, and creates a unique real rights structure for rural land, namely the ‘three rights separation’ of rights to contractual management of land, rights to contractual management of land and other rights. It also introduces the right to use a lot of land for the collective management and recognizes the dual nature of the right to claim restoration. Due to the limitations of human rationality, legislation cannot cover all aspects. Moreover, as society continues to develop, new issues and problems constantly emerge, making it difficult for legislation or amendments to keep up in a timely manner. Judicial decisions, judicial interpretations, and even guiding cases play a significant role in interpreting and applying the Civil Code, and shoulder the responsibility of filling legal loopholes, making considerable contributions. However, there is still room for improvement, including maintaining judicial humility. Although the interpretation of legal provisions by doctrines is merely an academic interpretation, it can provide reference materials for the formation of authoritative interpretation, broaden the horizons and thinking of authoritative interpretations, or directly or indirectly eliminate the original, perhaps inappropriate, cognition of the adjudicator, or provide the adjudicator with solutions for handling individual cases, or enhance the adjudicator’s courage to make decisions. Only law can develop the specific content of the law and understand the relationship between the part and the whole. Therefore, in terms of interpreting, reviewing and improving the Book of Real Rights of the Civil Code and related judgments and judicial interpretations, and promoting the development of the real rights system, the academic community has an inescapable responsibility.