作者：李蕊
作者介绍：中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授
出版日期：2025年4月9日
内容提要 农村养老问题的纾解是我国有效应对人口老龄化的关键所在。农村集体养老以农民集体作为核心组织协同者，同时注重政府履职尽责，集合农民家庭、营利组织、非营利组织等多元主体结成农村养老共同体，协同履行农村养老供给义务。它是在国家养老兜底保障的基础上，与家庭养老协调联动的农村社区嵌入式综合型养老模式，具有集体保障性、集合协同性和资源集聚性。为解决农村集体养老面临的财力、人力资源配置问题，亟待依托农村集体经济组织和村民委员会，通过集体土地养老、集体养老年金、集体互助养老、集体养老志愿服务等法律制度创设和法律规则拓补，有效发掘利用农村内生资源，同时引入农村外部资源，实现其向农村集体养老领域的集聚，并促进优化配置。
关键词 农村养老 农村集体养老 集体所有权 农村集体经济组织
Abstract: Resolving the rural elderly care issue is the key to China’s effective response to the ageing population. The rural collective-based elderly care designates the farmers’ collective as the core body of organization and collaboration, focuses on the government’s performance of duties, gathers multiple supply bodies such as farmers’ families, profit-making organizations and non-profit organizations to form a rural elderly care community, and coordinates the fulfillment of rural elderly care supply obligation. As a rural community-embedded comprehensive elderly care model, it operates in coordination with family-based elderly care on the foundation of national elderly care safety nets. It has the characteristics of collective safeguarding, collective coordination and resource agglomeration. In order to gather funds, labor and other elderly care resources into the rural community, it is urgent to rely on rural collective economic organizations and villagers’ committees to promote the integration of the elderly care community. The collective elderly care system needs to be structured through reforming and innovating the collective land pension system, the collective annuity system, the collective mutual aid and volunteer service system. This approach necessitates not only the exploration and utilization of rural endogenous resources, but also the integration of external resources, to realize the agglomeration and optimal allocation of these resources to the rural collective pension field.