作者：李云霖
作者介绍：湘潭大学法学院教授
出版日期：2025年4月9日
内容提要 党的二十届三中全会首次提出的“建立宪法实施情况报告制度”，是健全保证宪法全面实施的重要制度创新，是我国宪法实施和监督制度发展的重要体现。宪法实施情况报告制度立基于宪法全面实施，具有坚实的政治基础、理论基础和实践基础。在监测反馈、教育指引、制度调适等功能定位下，宪法实施情况报告制度需要秉持系统观念，从报告谱系、由谁报告、向谁报告、报告什么和如何报告等五个方面进行体系性构建。具言之，需按照以全国人大及其常委会为主体、其他国家机关参与的原则，在由宪法实施情况专项报告和以国家机关工作报告为载体的宪法实施情况报告构成的报告谱系的基础上，确定报告主体和接受报告主体，明晰报告内容及其表达等关键点，明确专项报告的时段选择、内容获取、审议发布等程序规范。
关键词 宪法实施情况报告制度 宪法实施情况专项报告 宪法全面实施 全过程人民民主 制度体系
Abstract: The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China introduced, for the first time, the ‘establishment of a system for reporting on the implementation of the Constitution’, which is a significant institutional innovation for improving and ensuring the full implementation of the Constitution, and an important embodiment of China’s constitutional implementation and supervision system development. This reporting system is fundamentally grounded in the constitutional implementation with solid political, theoretical, and practical foundations. Under the functional positioning of monitoring and feedback, education and guidance, and system adjustment, the system for reporting on the implementation of the Constitution needs to uphold the principle of systematic thinking, covering five aspects: report pedigree, who reports, to whom, what to report and how to report. Specifically, the report framework should adhere to the principle of centering on the NPC and its Standing Committee while exploring the involvement of other state organs. On the basis of the report pedigree composed of the special report on the implementation of the Constitution and the report on the implementation of the Constitution with the work report of state organs as the carrier, it is essential to determine the reporting subject and the receiving subject, and clarify the key aspects of the report’s content and mode of expression. Additionally, procedural norms of the special report must be established, covering aspects such as selection of time period, methods of content acquisition, and the processes for report deliberation and release.