Huang Yanqin
New quality productive forces are central to China’s high-quality development, requiring not only technological breakthroughs, but also an enabling legal environment. As the core regime for market order, antitrust law supports their emergence by fostering innovation, ensuring resource mobility, and promoting factor allocation. The defining features of new quality productive forces align closely with antitrust law’s objectives of encouraging innovation and protecting competition, while their formation pathways resonate with its foundational values of freedom, efficiency, and fairness. This dual alignment calls for an innovation-oriented paradigm that prioritizes R&D competition, treats innovation efficiency as a key criterion, and adopts inclusive, prudent enforcement. Institutional reforms should therefore prevent killer acquisitions through refined merger control, strengthen fair competition review, and balance IP protection with antitrust oversight to secure open innovation diffusion. Situating antitrust within the framework of new quality productive forces clarifies the interplay between legal institutions and productive transformation, offering theoretical guidance for antitrust law’s functional evolution in an innovation-driven economy.
内容提要 新质生产力是高质量发展的关键动力，其形成不仅依赖技术突破，更需要适配的法律环境。作为维护市场秩序的基础性制度，反垄断法通过激发创新、保障要素流动与提升配置效率，为其提供关键支撑。新质生产力的关键特征契合反垄断法鼓励创新、保护竞争的立法目标，其形成路径与反垄断法所秉持的自由、效率与公平价值高度协同。基于这一双重耦合，反垄断法有必要将研发竞争置于核心保护地位，以创新效率作为优先判断标准，并推行包容审慎的监管理念。制度层面，应完善经营者集中审查以防范扼杀式并购，强化公平竞争审查，并进一步协调知识产权保护与反垄断规制以保障创新成果开放传播。在新质生产力发展框架下分析反垄断法，有助于阐明法律制度与生产力演进的互动机理，为创新驱动型经济中竞争法治的功能转型提供理论指引。