作者：肖芳
作者介绍：中央财经大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2025年6月9日
内容提要：外国国家豁免仲裁例外的适用应以外国国家在同意仲裁的时候没有相反意思表示、我国法院对案件本来就具有管辖权为前提条件。根据涉外法治的实践场景，对《外国国家豁免法》第 12 条的规定可以采用“宽严相济” 的方法，对不同具体问题分别予以扩张性或限制性解释和适用。一方面，外国国家豁免仲裁例外可适用于我国法院为我国仲裁机构在我国境内进行的仲裁程序而裁定临时保全措施这一事项，不过其中关于财产保全措施国家豁免例外的认定应尤为谨慎。另一方面，对于以外国国家为被申请人的仲裁裁决承认和执行案件中的国家豁免例外的认定，应要求案件所涉实体争议与我国具有实际联系。在我国仅为被执行人财产所在地或我国仅与裁决的纠纷有“适当联系” 时，对该类案件管辖权的行使应该进行适当限缩。
关键词：涉外法治 国家豁免 仲裁例外 临时保全措施 仲裁裁决
Abstract: The application of the arbitration exception of foreign state immunity should be premised on the fact that the foreign state has not expressed any contrary intention when agreeing to arbitration, and that the Chinese court has original jurisdiction over the case. According to the practice scenario of foreign-related rule of law, article 12 of the Foreign State Immunity Law may be lenient or severe and be expanded or restrictive on the interpretation and application of different specific issues. The arbitration exception of foreign state immunity should be applied to the matters in which a Chinese court issues interim measures for arbitration proceedings conducted by a Chinese arbitration institution in China. Chinese courts should be particularly cautious in determining the exception to state immunity in property preservation proceedings in aid of arbitration. The determination of the exception to state immunity in cases of recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards against a foreign state as the respondent should require that the substantive dispute in the arbitration procedure has an actual connection with China. When China is only the location of the property of the state subject to enforcement or only has a ‘proper connection’ with the dispute awarded, the exercise of the jurisdiction over such cases should also appropriately shrink.