作者：孟涛
作者介绍：中国人民大学纪检监察学院教授
出版日期：2025年6月9日
内容提要：传统紧急状态法调整特大突发事件，以紧急权力为中心，以恢 复正常法律秩序为宗旨；相关理论建立在规范与例外、事实与价值、自由与安 全之区分的基础上，体现为事实论、决断论和规范论三种范式。新型紧急状态 法由应急管理所催生，以规划为中心，具有能动性和建构性，引发了传统紧急状 态法的整体转型。对于新型紧急状态法的出现与发展，传统紧急状态法的理论 范式无法予以解释。紧急状态法基础理论应该摆脱二分法的预设，根据法律规 划理论和法律拟制理论予以重构。新型紧急状态法本质上是共享规划，其中的 紧急状态属于法律拟制。根据新型紧急状态法的基础理论，我国紧急状态法应 该实现从单行法到领域法、从管理法到治理法、从非常法到保障法的发展转型。
关键词：紧急状态法 突发事件法 应急管理 法律规划 法律拟制
Abstracts: The traditional emergency law regulates large-scale emergencies, focuses on emergency powers, and aims at restoring the normal legal order. Relevant theories are based on the distinction between norms and exceptions, facts and values, and freedom and security, which are reflected in three paradigms of factual theory, determinism theory, and normative theory. The new emergency law, spawned by emergency management, is planning-centered, dynamic, and constructive, triggering a wholesale transformation of traditional emergency law. The birth and development of the new type of emergency law cannot be explained by the theoretical paradigm of traditional emergency law. The basic theory underlying emergency law should be free from dichotomous presuppositions and reconstructed on the basis of legal planning theory and legal fiction theory. The new emergency law is essentially a shared planning, in which the state of emergency is a product of legal fiction. According to the basic theory of the new emergency law, China’s emergency law should be transformed from a single law to a field law, from a management law to a governance law, and from an extraordinary law to a safeguard law.