作者：王旭
作者介绍：中国人民大学法学院教授
出版日期：2025年6月9日
内容提要：备案审查既是具有中国特色的宪法监督制度，体现了中国共产党领导全面依法治国进程中“维护国家法治统一”的政治决断；也创设了以 “废止规范”为基础的规范体系，具有坚实的法律效力。只有紧紧围绕“效力” 这个规范的根本属性来认识备案审查发生作用的特殊方式和效力属性，才能更好地从法治的角度来理解备案审查这项工作。作为“废止规范”的备案审查， 具有指令式规范、商谈式规范、处理式规范三种形态，它们分享共同的“跨程序拘束力”。这种效力具体又可以展开为“跨程序处分力”“跨程序构成要件效力”和“跨程序制裁力”，它们相互作用、相互贯通。只有充分重视作为规范体系和效力集合的备案审查，才能更好地发掘其制度潜力，增强其制度刚性，推动宪法程序法的完善，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。
关键词：备案审查 废止规范 跨程序拘束力 程序性违法 宪法程序法
Abstract: Recording and review is a constitutional supervision system with Chinese characteristics, reflecting the political determination of the CPC to ‘ensure the implementation of the Constitution and laws and uphold the unity of the law’; it also establishes a normative system based on ‘derogation norms’, which has solid legal effect. Only by focusing on the ‘effectiveness’ to understand the special way and effectiveness of recording and review can we better understand it from the perspective of the rule of law. As ‘derogation norms’, recording and review has three forms: directive norms, negotiation norms, and processing norms, which share the common ‘cross-procedural binding force’. This effectiveness can be specifically expanded into ‘cross-procedural disciplinary force’, ‘cross-procedural constituent element effectiveness’ and ‘cross-procedural sanction force’, which interact and interpenetrate with each other. Only by paying full attention to recording and review as a set of normative systems and effectiveness can we better explore its institutional potential, enhance its institutional rigidity, promote the improvement of constitutional procedural law, and promote the modernization of the national governance system and capacity.