作者：刘涛
作者介绍：南京师范大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2025年6月9日
内容提要：立案追诉标准作为司法解释缺位时的补充，在一些刑事案件的 审判阶段成为法院事实上定罪量刑的规范依据与裁判理由。实践中，参照适用 立案追诉标准存在直接参照、部分参照、不予参照以及与相近法条司法解释结 合参照等不同类型。参照适用现象在我国刑事司法实践的历史谱系中具有一 定延续性，填补了司法解释缺位时的规范空白，一定程度体现了我国政法体制 下的司法分工，也符合实体刑法中的罪名竞合结构。但法院对立案追诉标准的 参照适用存在违背罪刑法定原则的风险，且不符合“以审判为中心”的诉讼制 度改革方向。应当关注规范性文件参照适用与个案正义之间的距离，从“规范 性竞争”的视角破除刑事司法规范结构的封闭性。
关键词：立案追诉标准 参照适用 定罪量刑 规范性竞争
Abstract: When judicial interpretations are absent, the standards for case filing and prosecution serve as a supplementary basis for conviction and sentencing in certain criminal trials, effectively becoming normative references and justifications for court decisions. In practice, the application of these standards varies, including direct reference, partial reference, non-reference, and reference in combination with judicial interpretations of analogous legal provisions. The phenomenon of such reference application has a historical continuity in China’s criminal justice practice, filling normative gaps in the absence of judicial interpretations. To some extent, it reflects the division of functions within China’s political-legal system and aligns with the structural concurrence of offenses in substantive criminal law. However, courts’ reliance on case filing and prosecution standards does not fully conform to the trial-centered litigation reform and carries risks of violating the principle of legality. It is essential to consider the gap between the reference application of normative documents and case-specific justice and to break the closed nature of the criminal justice normative structure from the perspective of ‘normative competition’.