作者：吕晓刚
作者介绍：福州大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2025年6月9日
内容提要：我国刑事特别程序体系配置沿袭“需求回应”驱动发展路径， 存在标准缺失、结构不明、属性不清等问题。对此，可以根据是否具有以确定刑 事责任为目标的程序属性为基准，构建包含刑事特别诉讼程序和刑事特别“非 诉讼”程序的二元刑事特别程序论。根据二元刑事特别程序论，对于既有刑事 特别程序，应当在属性分化基础上进行内部架构优化，将刑事和解程序融入认 罪认罚从宽制度，将刑事缺席审判程序拓展为刑事缺席诉讼程序。据此，刑事 特别程序包括由未成年人诉讼程序和刑事缺席诉讼程序组成的刑事特别诉讼 程序，以及由违法所得没收程序和刑事强制医疗程序组成的刑事特别“非诉 讼”程序。对于刑事特别程序体系的外延拓展，应当在类型分化的基础上确定 准入标准，刑事特别诉讼程序外延调整应当遵循权利配置增减与程序设置调整 平衡的导向，刑事特别“非诉讼”程序外延调整则应当遵循程序法治升级与司 法资源平衡的导向。
关键词：刑事特别程序 刑事特别诉讼程序 《刑事诉讼法》修改 法典化
Abstract: The development path of China’s criminal special procedure system, which follows the ‘demand response’ model, has led to deficiencies such as the absence of standards, unclear structure, and ambiguous attributes. To address these issues, a dual theory of criminal special procedures can be constructed based on whether they have the procedural attribute of determining criminal responsibility. This theory includes criminal special litigation procedures and criminal special ‘non-litigation’ procedures. According to this dual theory, the existing criminal special procedures should be optimized in their internal structure based on attribute differentiation. The criminal reconciliation procedure should be integrated into the plea bargaining system, and the criminal trial in absentia procedure should be expanded to a criminal litigation in absentia procedure. Based on this, criminal special procedures are divided into criminal special litigation procedures, consisting of juvenile litigation procedures and criminal litigation in absentia procedures, and criminal special ‘non-litigation’ procedures, consisting of the confiscation of illegal gains procedure and the criminal compulsory medical treatment procedure. For the expansion of the scope of the criminal special procedure system, the entry criteria should be determined based on type differentiation. The expansion of the scope of criminal special litigation procedures should follow the principle of balancing the increase or decrease of rights allocation and the adjustment of procedural settings, while the expansion of the scope of criminal special ‘non-litigation’ procedures should follow the principle of upgrading procedural rule of law and balancing judicial resources.