作者：魏超
作者介绍：苏州大学王健法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2025年6月9日
内容提要：主张侮辱罪必须以不特定或多数人可以知晓的方式公开实施 的观点，存在保护法益不力之嫌疑。侮辱罪保护的法益既包括外在名誉，也包 括内在尊严。内在尊严的本质是被害人的内心安宁，其并非外在名誉的反射或 影响，而是以人格尊严为根基的独立存在。在语义上，侮辱罪中的“公然”具 有当面实施、明目张胆的含义，将私密场合直接对被害人实施严重侮辱的行为 解释为“肆无忌惮型”公然侮辱，符合罪刑法定原则。精神损害与肉体损害具 有同质性，行为人实施了严重侮辱行为导致被害人自残、自杀的，能够将损害结 果视为故意（精神）伤害的加重情节，并根据“缓和的结果归属理论”让行为 人承担部分刑事责任。在二元法益论及我国“定性 + 定量”立法模式下，将内 在尊严作为侮辱罪保护的法益并不会出现“保护不力”或者“扩大处罚范围” 之景象。
关键词：侮辱罪 内在尊严 外在名誉 公然侮辱 缓和的结果归属
Abstract: The view that the crime of insult must be openly committed in a manner that is known to unspecified or a majority of people is suspected of being unfavourable to the protection of legal interest. The legal interest protected by the crime of insult includes both external reputation and internal dignity. The essence of internal dignity is the inner peace of the victim, which is not the reflection or influence of the external reputation, but an independent existence based on personal dignity. Semantically, ‘undisguisedly’ in the crime of insult has the meaning of being carried out face to face and blatantly, and interpreting the act of directly insulting the victim in private occasions as a ‘reckless’ type of blatant insult is in line with the principle of legality. Mental damage and physical damage are homogeneous. If the perpetrator commits serious insults that lead to the victim’s self-abuse or suicide, the damage result can be regarded as the aggravating circumstances of intentional (mental) injury, leading to the perpetrator bearing criminal responsibility to a certain extent according to the ‘soft attribution of results’. Under the dualistic legal benefit theory and the legislative model of ‘qualitative + quantitative’ of insult crime, regarding internal dignity as the protected interest of the crime of insult will not lead to the situation of ‘inadequate protection’ or ‘expansion of the scope of punishment