作者：陈爱飞
作者介绍：中南财经政法大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2025年6月9日
内容提要：案外人执行异议及执行异议之诉是案外数据财产权益人请求 排除强制执行的程序基石，数据财产权益的实体性质与对抗效力则是其能否成 为足以排除强制执行的民事权益的核心要素。基于“数据三权”分置模式，我 国可在尊重和保护数据原始主体优先权益的基础上，综合运用新型财产权理论 与传统物权理论，从物权本权性数据财产持有权、物债两分的数据财产使用权、 以许可使用为代表的数据财产经营权等维度，确立一种三权分置型排除强制执 行的权益结构。同时，考虑到三权分置型排除强制执行结构仍然与执行理论及 实务中足以排除强制执行民事权益的类型界分存在适配不足，我国可进一步确 立定限物权型排除强制执行结构，以提升数据财产权排除强制执行的权益结构 与案外人执行异议及执行异议之诉法理的契合性。
关键词：数据财产 强制执行 案外人执行异议之诉 三权分置 定限物权
Abstract: Outsider enforcement objections and enforcement objection lawsuits are cornerstones of the process for the rights holders of data property outside the case to request the exclusion of enforcement, while the substantive nature and countervailing effect of the data property rights are the substantive elements of whether they can become civil rights and interests sufficient to be excluded from enforcement. Based on the ‘triple data rights’ model, China can comprehensively apply the new property right theory and the traditional real right theory on the basis of respecting and protecting the priority rights of the original data subject, to establish a three-rights separation type of interest structure that excludes enforcement from the dimensions of the right to hold data property in rem, the right to use the data property in rem, and the right to dispose of the data property centred on the operation of the data property. At the same time, taking into account that the structure of the three-right separation-type exclusion of enforcement is still insufficiently adapted to the type of exclusion of enforcement of civil rights and interests in the enforcement theory and practice, China can further establish the structure of exclusion of enforcement of limited property rights, so as to enhance the conformity of the structure of exclusion of enforcement of data property rights and the jurisprudence of enforcement objections of the outsiders and the law of the enforcement objection lawsuits.