作者：田野
作者介绍：天津大学法学院教授
出版日期：2025年6月9日
内容提要：数字智能技术广泛应用于劳动管理，在提升效率的同时，也带 来了过度劳动加剧的风险。数智时代的过劳具有普遍性、隐蔽性、精神性、过剩 与过劳并存等特点。工作时间与私人生活的边界模糊化、数智化驱动的薪酬制 度、算法管理的规训与控制是数智时代过劳形成的重要原因，资本的逐利本性 是数智时代过劳的政治经济学根源。破解这一困境应当采取系统化的法律治 理路径，通过革新劳动基准实现底线控制，通过对劳动者赋权（以离线权为中 心）提供过劳自救机制，通过对用人单位课以算法善治义务消除过劳的技术根 源，通过将过劳纳入工伤保险和对算法致劳追究侵权责任达成救济目标，由此 建构起由基准、权利、义务、救济构成的完整过劳治理体系。
关键词：过劳 算法管理 劳动基准 离线权 算法善治义务 算法侵权
Abstract: Digital and intelligent technology is widely used in labor management, which not only improves management efficiency but also brings the increasing risk of overwork. The overwork in the AI era has the characteristics of universality, crypticity, psychogenic overwork, and coexistence of excess and overwork. The blurring of the boundary between working hours and personal life, AI-driven payroll system, and control of algorithmic management contribute to the overwork in the AI era. The profit-driven nature of capital is the political and economic root of overwork in the AI era. To solve the problem, a systematic legal governance structure should be adopted. By reforming the labor standards, bottom-line control can be achieved. Empowering workers with offline right can provide a self-protection mechanism. By imposing algorithmic governance obligations on employers, the technical root of overwork can be eliminated. The relief goal can be achieved by occupational injury insurance and tort law. Thus, a system of overwork governance consisting of standards, rights, obligations, and remedies is constructed.