作者：王禄生
作者介绍：东南大学法学院教授、未来法治与数智技术创新实验室研究员
出版日期：2025年6月9日
内容提要：党的二十届三中全会提出“建立轻微犯罪记录封存制度”，标 志着党和国家将轻微犯罪治理提到了前所未有的新高度。从近年我国轻微犯 罪治理的实践来看，立法明显滞后于司法。我国刑事立法所确立的惩罚体系、 诉讼程序以及刑事执行制度等，仍未完全从传统的重刑主义与惩罚主义走出 来，刑法所构建的法律后果体系主要围绕着刑罚及其具体运用展开，刑事诉讼 法强调司法追诉职能的实现，刑事执行法则主要关注监禁刑的执行。受重罪重 刑观念影响的犯罪治理规范体系，难免在轻微犯罪治理上呈现滞后性，不符合 犯罪治理现代化的需要。新时代的轻微犯罪治理需要直面现实问题，以轻微犯 罪治理规范体系为基础，适应犯罪治理的时代要求并转变犯罪治理理念，完善 和优化与轻微犯罪治理相关的制度规则，使轻微犯罪治理相关的刑事法律机制 和制度实现协同化、系统化。
关键词 轻微犯罪 犯罪治理 犯罪记录 犯罪附随后果 刑事执行
Author：Peng WenHua
Abstract: Legal large language models (LLMs) are large technological systems that embody both technical and social attributes. The legal domain regulates the production, supply and allocation of data, knowledge, organizations, institutions and symbolic resources in the legal domain through multiple guidance of value pursuits, knowledge foundations, organizational preferences, institutional preparation and cognitive structures, and ultimately actively shapes the functional characteristics, application scenarios and diffusion paths of the legal LLMs. The resource endowment and constraints within China’s legal domain shape the technological style of Chinese legal LLMs through both technological impetus and technological constraints. Therefore the legal domain should not be considered merely as an application scenario or a transformation target by legal LLMs, but should be given the active role to break the resource dilemma in the legal domain. This requires taking the promotion of self-reliant innovation in China’s legal LLMs as the overarching goal, and coordinating multi-level intentions within the domain to form a consistent and proactive shaping action. On this basis, with organizational resources as the center, the complex interaction relationships among various resources are simplified, the optimization plan of domain resources is constructed, and the technological style of legal LLMs is built in line with the core requirements of Chinese modernization of the rule of law.