作者：彭文华
作者介绍：中国政法大学证据科学研究院、证据科学教育部重点实验室教授
出版日期：2025年6月9日
摘要：党的二十届三中全会提出“建立轻微犯罪记录封存制度”，标志着党和国家将轻微犯罪治理提到了前所未有的新高度。从近年我国轻微犯罪治理的实践来看，立法明显滞后于司法。我国刑事立法所确立的惩罚体系、 诉讼程序以及刑事执行制度等，仍未完全从传统的重刑主义与惩罚主义走出来，刑法所构建的法律后果体系主要围绕着刑罚及其具体运用展开，刑事诉讼法强调司法追诉职能的实现，刑事执行法则主要关注监禁刑的执行。受重罪重 刑观念影响的犯罪治理规范体系，难免在轻微犯罪治理上呈现滞后性，不符合犯罪治理现代化的需要。新时代的轻微犯罪治理需要直面现实问题，以轻微犯罪治理规范体系为基础，适应犯罪治理的时代要求并转变犯罪治理理念，完善和优化与轻微犯罪治理相关的制度规则，使轻微犯罪治理相关的刑事法律机制和制度实现协同化、系统化。
关键词：轻微犯罪 犯罪治理 犯罪记录 犯罪附随后果 刑事执行
Abstract: The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to ‘introduce a system to seal records for minor offences’, marking that the Party and the state have brought the governance of minor offences to an unprecedented new height. Judging from the practice of minor offences governance in China in recent years, the legislation obviously lags behind the judiciary. The punishment system, procedure and criminal execution system established by Chinese criminal legislation have yet to fully transition away from the traditional doctrine of heavy punishment. The legal consequence system constructed by criminal law mainly focuses on penalty and its specific application. The Criminal Procedure Law emphasizes the realization of judicial prosecution function, and the criminal execution law mainly focuses on the execution of imprisonment penalty. The normative system of crime governance influenced by the concept of heavy punishment on felony will inevitably show a lag in minor offences governance, which does not meet the need of modernization of crime governance. The governance of minor offences in the new era needs to face the real problems, based on the normative system of minor offences governance, adapt to the requirements of the times and change the concept of crime governance, improve and optimize the systems and regulations related to minor offences governance, and make the criminal legal mechanisms and systems related to minor offences governance coordinated and systematic.