作者：蔡立东
作者介绍：吉林大学法学院教授，吉林大学农业农村法治研究院研究员
出版日期：2025年2月9日
内容提要 改革开放以来，特别是进入新时代以来，农民集体、农村集体经济组织及其成员享有的农村土地权利不断丰富、权能不断充实，农村土地权利制度不断优化，不仅巩固了中国式农村土地集体所有权，而且创设了层级多元、类型丰富的农村土地使用权，畅通了农村土地权利的流转渠道，有效促进了城乡要素的双向流动。当前，推动城乡融合发展，必须增加农村的要素供给，赋予农民更加充分的财产权益，提升农村土地权利的要素化、财产化程度，在法治轨道上保障进城落户农民合法土地权益，依法维护进城落户农民的土地承包权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权；巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，有序推进“二轮延包”三十年试点；深化土地制度改革，盘活利用农户住房及其立基的宅基地；健全土地增值收益分配机制，推动农村集体经营性建设用地入市。
关键词 城乡融合发展 农村土地权利要素化 农村土地权利财产化 城乡要素双向流动
Abstract: Since the reform and opening up, especially since the beginning of the new era, the rural land rights enjoyed by farmer collectives, rural economic collectives and their members have been continuously enriched, and the rural land right system has been continuously optimized, which has not only consolidated the Chinese collective ownership of rural land, but also created a variety of rural land use rights, smoothed the circulation channels of rural land rights, and effectively promoted the two-way flow of urban and rural elements. At present, in order to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, it is necessary to increase the supply of rural factors, give farmers more adequate property rights and interests, improve the degree of element and property of rural land rights, protect the legitimate land rights and interests of farmers settled in cities under the rule of law, and safeguard their land contracting rights, rights to use house sites, and collective income distribution rights in accordance with the law. We should consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, and orderly advance the 30-year pilot project of ‘second-round land contract extension’. We should deepen the reform of the land system, and revitalize and utilize households’ housing and the house sites on which they are based. We should improve the distribution mechanism of value-added land income, and promote the entry of rural collective management construction land into the market.